【included和including的区别有哪些】在英语中，"included" 和 "including" 都与“包含”有关，但它们的用法和语法功能有所不同。了解这两者的区别有助于更准确地使用英语表达。
一、
1. included：
- 是动词 include 的过去分词形式。
- 通常用于被动语态或作为形容词，表示某事物是整体的一部分。
- 常见结构为：be included in... 或 something is included。
- 强调的是“被包含”的状态。
2. including：
- 是动词 include 的现在分词形式。
- 用于列举时，表示“包括……在内”。
- 常见结构为：including + 名词/代词，表示举例说明。
- 强调的是“列举中的包含”。
二、对比表格
| 项目 | included | including |
| 词性 | 过去分词 / 形容词 | 现在分词 / 介词短语 |
| 语法功能 | 被动语态、形容词 | 动词的进行态、介词短语 |
| 用法结构 | be included in..., something is included | including + 名词/代词 |
| 含义重点 | 被包含的状态 | 列举中包含的内容 |
| 示例句子 | The fee includes breakfast. | The package includes a book, including this one. |
三、常见用法示例
included:
- The service is included in the price.
- All items are included in the package.
- She was included in the team.
including:
- The list includes apples, oranges, including bananas.
- The event starts at 9 AM, including the welcome speech.
- The program covers topics like math, science, including history.
四、小结
虽然 "included" 和 "including" 都与“包含”有关，但它们在语法功能和使用场景上有明显区别。
- included 更强调“被包含”的状态，常用于被动语态或描述整体的一部分。
- including 更强调“列举中包含”，常用于举例说明。
正确区分这两个词，有助于提升英语表达的准确性与自然度。
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